“I don’t follow a religion, but I do consider myself spiritual.”
How frequently have you encountered someone expressing a similar sentiment? Or maybe you’ve even voiced it yourself. In our secular society, being “religious” is frequently perceived as being close-minded, critical, and somewhat eccentric. It can also imply an excessive focus on rules, regulations, and legalities. At the very minimum, a religious individual is a member of an organized faith and regularly participates in services.
In comparison, the term “spiritual” has evolved to refer to an individual who maintains a connection with God, even if “god” is merely interpreted as a supreme force or the elements of nature. Typically, a “spiritual” individual does not participate in church activities or follow structured religious traditions, but instead follows a personal ethical framework.
This type of straightforward separation between being religious and being spiritual is a concept that is quite recent. Such a division would have been utterly perplexing to many of our forebears. In the context of Catholicism, religion can be viewed as the organized belief framework of our faith — encompassing its theology, established rituals, and doctrines on a nearly institutional scale. Spirituality represents how those beliefs are practiced on an individual, everyday, and intimate basis.
In his book “The Search for Spirituality: Seven Paths within the Catholic Tradition” (Liffey Press, $26.95), Stephen Costello articulates: “Spirituality encompasses the realm of religious encounters with the divine. It is mainly experiential and practical/existential, rather than theoretical/academic and conceptual.” In certain respects, religion resembles Vatican City and St. Peter’s while spirituality parallels your hometown and local parish. Similar events occur in both settings, yet one is communal and the other is more personal; one is intended for all, the other is meant for you and your family; one is nearly too vast to grasp, the other is an integral component of everyday existence.
Numerous individuals, a single Body
The Catholic Church has acknowledged, nearly from its inception, that practicing the faith is not a “one size fits all” endeavor. The Church in Jerusalem possessed a distinct character and essence compared to the Church in Rome, or the Church in Ephesus, or the Church in Thessalonica. As the faith developed, increasingly diverse spiritual methods started to surface, inspired by saints like Dominic and Francis, extending right up to contemporary figures like Josemaria Escriva and others.
Clearly, if an individual is considering a calling as a priest, sister, or brother, the various spiritual journeys play a crucial role in the discernment process. Someone devoted to aiding the impoverished would not thrive in a Trappist monastery, just as a contemplative desiring a scholarly life in a Benedictine Abbey would find little satisfaction working as a Dominican on a university campus.
Nevertheless, the spiritual customs hold significance for lay Catholics too, often officially as participants in a secular order, but additionally in an informal manner, since the charisms, prayer methods, and the motivational spirit of the founders of these spiritual paths impact everyday existence.
“If God’s creation signifies anything, it is diversity, and God purposefully desires that diversity,” states Dominican Father Fred Lucci, director of the All Saints Catholic Newman Center at Arizona State University in Tempe, Ariz. “This diversity is most apparent in the individuality of each person and their distinct temperaments. While the ultimate goal of spirituality, union with God, is a longing of every human heart, individuals with varying temperaments will naturally pursue different routes through various forms of prayer towards that union. Throughout the ages, God has inspired the establishment of different religious orders and congregations, each possessing its own charism to meet a specific need within the Church. In aligning with their charisms, each has cultivated a spirituality that mirrors and nurtures their particular charism.”